Mehdi Fazli; Adel Sarikhani
Abstract
The word"Similar" in crimes agains human body first was used in Article 290 of Islamic Pneal Code of 2013 of Iran and has no background in Fiqh (Islamic rules) and previous laws. Having no legal-Fiqhi background, this word has caused many ambiguities; at first glance it seems that this word has increased ...
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The word"Similar" in crimes agains human body first was used in Article 290 of Islamic Pneal Code of 2013 of Iran and has no background in Fiqh (Islamic rules) and previous laws. Having no legal-Fiqhi background, this word has caused many ambiguities; at first glance it seems that this word has increased the scope of intentional crimes against human body and obscured the boundaries of mistake in such crimes. Through the paper, using a descriptive-analytical method, authors have reached to this result that “similar felony” in crimes against human body only includes crimes committed to unwanted limbs of a wanted victim with similar or lower consequences than offender’s intention and it excludes unwanted crime against an unwanted victim. Such crimes sometimes are inherently intentional and sometimes supposedly. However it is necessary that legislator amends this ambiguous word and enacts a specific article to elaborately expresses that mistake in committing crime to unwanted limb of a victim in an intentional crime which leads to similar or lower consequences than offender’s intention to other limb, would be intentional.
Mehdi Fazli; Abolfath Khaleghi
Abstract
Public transactions are one of main ways of spending public budget and hence are one of legal means for committing economic corruption; accordingly governing a legal mechanism on them is necessary. Current laws in curbing corruption in public transactions are not up-to-date and efficient yet and are ...
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Public transactions are one of main ways of spending public budget and hence are one of legal means for committing economic corruption; accordingly governing a legal mechanism on them is necessary. Current laws in curbing corruption in public transactions are not up-to-date and efficient yet and are facing with flaws which cause the possibility of committing corruption through them. Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) in years of studying its members laws on domestic public transactions has provided recommendations for amendment of their laws which also could be useful for legal amendments in Iran. Using a descriptive-analytical method, this article has recognized such flaws in quintuple steps of public transactions (including assessment of necessities, pre-bidding and bidding, conclusion of contracts, implementation of contracts and final audit) in the light of OECD recommendations and has recommended enactment of an exhaustive criminal Act in this field and amendment of current laws on tenders and auctions for curbing corruption.
